Kim Su-heung (金壽興, 1626–1690) was a late Joseon civil official who served as Right State Councillor and Chief State Councillor of the Uijeongbu. His courtesy name was Gijji (起之), his pen names were Toewudang (退憂堂) and Donggwak Sanin (東郭散人), and his posthumous name was Munik (文翼). His family seat was Andong (安東). He was the grandson of Right State Councillor Kim Sang-heon (金尙憲), the son of Dongji Jungchubusa, posthumously conferred the title of Chief State Councillor, Kim Kwang-chan (金光燦), and the elder brother of Chief State Councillor Kim Su-hang (金壽恒). He was adopted as the heir (gyeja) of his paternal uncle Kim Kwang-hyeok (金光爀), who served as Left Royal Secretary and was posthumously made Chief State Councillor.
Life
In the 26th year of King Injo's reign (1648), at the age of 23, he passed the式年 (singnyeon) Civil Service Examination (Sامas) (司馬試) in first class, fifth place. In the 6th year of King Hyojong's reign (1655, Eulmi), he passed the Munkwa (文科) examination held at Chundangdae (春塘臺) in the third rank, second place. The following year, 1656, he also passed the Munkwa Jungsi (文科重試) re-examination in the third rank, third place, and thus his ability was recognized through three successive examinations.
In the 7th year of King Hyojong's reign (1656, Byeongsin), on the 28th day of the 5th month, he was appointed Gyeom Seolseo (兼說書), and on the 6th day of the 10th month of the same year, Seolseo (說書). On the 4th day of the 10th month of the 8th year of King Hyojong's reign (1657, Jeongyu), he became Buusu (副修撰). On the 9th day of the 1st month of the 9th year of King Hyojong's reign (1658, Musul), he became Susu (修撰). On the 11th day of the 4th month of the same year, he served as Heonnap (獻納) and was sent as royal inspector (eosa) to Chungcheong Province. On the 13th day of the 5th month of the same year, he completed his inspection duties and returned to the capital.
On the 5th day of the 6th month of the same year, he became Gyori (校理). On the 21st day of the 12th month of the same year, he became Ijo Jwarang (吏曹佐郞). In the year of King Hyeonjong's accession (1659, Gihae), on the 2nd day of the 12th month, he became Ijo Jeongrang (吏曹正郞). In the 1st year of King Hyeonjong's reign (1660, Gyeongja), on the 21st day of the 5th month, he concurrently served as Gyeom Chunchu (兼春秋). In the 2nd year of King Hyeonjong's reign (1661, Sinchuk), on the 6th day of the 5th month, he became Eung-gyo (應敎). On the 9th day of the 6th month of the same year, he became Gwangju Buyun (廣州府尹). In the 4th year of King Hyeonjong's reign (1663, Gyemyo), on the 18th day of the 4th month, he became Daesagan (大司諫), and on the 18th day of the 9th month of the same year, Dong-bu Seungji (同副承旨).
In the 5th year of King Hyeonjong's reign (1664, Gapjin), on the 28th day of the 2nd month, he again served as Daesagan. On the 8th day of the 7th month of the same year, he became Byeongjo Chamji (兵曹參知), on the 23rd day of the 7th month, Seungji (承旨), and on the 21st day of the 12th month, Gyeonggi Gamchalsa (京畿監察使).
In the 7th year of King Hyeonjong's reign (1666, Byeongo), on the 24th day of the 1st month, he became Do Seungji (都承旨), on the 23rd day of the 7th month, Daesaseong (大司成), and on the 11th day of the 8th month of the same year, Hojo Panseo (戶曹判書). In the 9th year of King Hyeonjong's reign (1668, Musin), on the 23rd day of the 2nd month, he became Jwa Chamchan (左參贊). In the 11th year of King Hyeonjong's reign (1670, Gyeongsul), on the 17th day of the 5th month, he became U Chamchan (右參贊), and on the same day, Hanseong Panyun (漢城判尹), while Su-hang was appointed Jwa Chamchan.
In the 11th year of King Hyeonjong's reign (1670, Sinhae), on the 2nd day of the 6th month, he became Chongyungsa (摠戎使). On the 23rd day of the 8th month of the same year, he became Ganghwa Yusu (江華留守), and on the 13th day of the 6th month of the same year, Hojo Panseo. On the 17th day of the 8th month of the same year, he concurrently served as Seungmunwon Jeheoijo (承文院提調), and on the 4th day of the 11th month of the same year, he again served as Chongyungsa.
In the 13th year of King Hyeonjong's reign (1672, Imja), on the 24th day of the 2nd month, he concurrently served as Ji Gyeongyeon (知經筵). In the 14th year of King Hyeonjong's reign (1673, Gyechuk), on the 9th day of the 2nd month, he became Pan Uigeumbusa (判義禁府事), and on the 24th day of the 4th month of the same year, he was appointed Right State Councillor.
In the 15th year of King Hyeonjong's reign (1674, Gapin), on the 26th day of the 4th month, he rose to Chief State Councillor, but because of the dispute over the mourning dress of Queen Dowager Jaui (慈懿大妃), he was targeted by the Namin and nearly sentenced to banishment. In the 7th month of the same year, when Queen Inseon Jang, the principal consort of King Hyojong, died, he took part with the Namin in the Second Ye Controversy (禮訟), arguing for the "Great Mourning theory" (大功說), that is, nine months of mourning. The Namin argued for the "one-year mourning theory" (朞年說). He was dismissed from office, and in the 8th month of that year, when King Hyeonjong died, he was exiled to Chuncheon. The following year he was released and returned to live in Yangju. In 1680 (6th year of King Sukjong), after the Gyeongsin Daechulchyeok (庚申大黜陟) purge brought the Seoin back to power, he became Yeongjungchubusa (領中樞府事) and was registered as a first-class Bosa Wonjong Gongsin (保社原從功臣), first class, in the same year. On the 7th day of the 12th month of the 14th year of King Sukjong's reign (1688, Musin), he again became Chief State Councillor.
In 1689, when King Sukjong favored the prince born to Consort Hui Jang (昭儀張氏), Lee Kyun (李昀), and tried to install him as Crown Prince, Kim opposed it together with Song Si-yeol, who cited the precedent of Emperor Zhezong of the Song dynasty, arguing that the investiture of Prince Kyun was premature.1 Subsequently, with the Gisa Hwanguk, the Namin returned to power, and he was exiled to Janggi-hyeon. In the following year (1690), he died at his place of exile.
Kim Su-heung revered Song Si-yeol (宋時烈), known as Woam (尤庵), as his spiritual teacher and closely followed his will. He read extensively the Zhuzi Daquan (朱子大全) and the Zhuzi Yulei (語類). He presented critiques of contemporary abuses (sipye-so) to successive kings, speaking on behalf of the common people, and repeatedly proposed reforms of government to benefit the people's livelihood and improve their welfare. However, due to the open opposition of the anti-party faction, he never achieved his aims and was sacrificed in the whirlpool of factional strife.
His spouse was Lady Jeonggyeong Namwon Yun (貞敬夫人 南原尹氏), who was born in 1626, the 4th year of King Injo's reign (Byeongin), and died on the 6th day of the 9th month of the 33rd year of King Sukjong's reign (1706, Byeongsul), at the age of 81. Her father was Magistrate Hyeonggak (衡覺), her grandfather was Seungji Ho (皓), and her great-grandfather was Champ'an Mingsin (民新). Her maternal grandfather was Seoyun Yun Heup (尹翕), and the family seat was Paepyeong.
He had one son and five daughters. The son, Changseol (昌設), was magistrate of Anak. The first daughter married Hong Taek-bo (洪澤普), magistrate of Hyeon, of Namyang. The second daughter married Song Kwang-sok (宋光涑), Seoyun, of Yeosan. The third daughter married Lee Hui-jo (李喜朝), Il Chanseon, of Yeonan. The fourth daughter married Lee Man-seong (李晩成), Minister of War, of Ubong. The fifth daughter married Lee Seong-jwa (李聖佐), Mok-sa, of Gyeongju.
His tomb is located at Ibae-dong, Wabu-eup, Namyangju, Gyeonggi Province, at the third foothill (jeksamnok) of the Jwao (兆左) of Jangdan-gong (長端公, his paternal grandfather, Jangdan Magistrate Kim Sang-gwan), facing south-southwest (imjwa), jointly interred with his wife. His epitaph was written by his nephew, Sahonbu Jipui Kim Chang-heup (金昌翕), and the surface inscription (pyosuk) and reverse inscription (eumgi) were written by his nephew, Yejo Panseo Kim Chang-hyeop (金昌協). The calligraphy was done by Haechang-wi Oh Sam-ju (吳參周).
Works
- Toewudangjip (退憂堂集), 5 volumes
Family
- Great-great-grandfather: Kim Saeng-hae (金生海), Magistrate of Sincheon, posthumously Left Chanseong
- Great-grandfather: Kim Dae-hyo (金大孝), Magistrate of Samga, posthumously Chief State Councillor
- Grandfather: Kim Sang-heon (金尙憲), Right State Councillor, Cheongeum
- Father: Kim Kwang-chan (金光燦), Dongji Jungchubusa, posthumously Chief State Councillor
- Elder brother: Kim Su-jeung (金壽增), Vice Minister of Public Works
- Nephew: Kim Chang-guk (金昌國), Magistrate
- Grand-nephew (heir): Kim Chi-gyeom (金致謙) – birth father: Kim Chang-heup
- Nephew: Kim Chang-suk (金昌肅)
- Grand-nephew (heir): Kim Ho-gyeom (金好謙) – birth father: Kim Chang-jip
- Nephew: Kim Chang-jik (金昌直) – Jipyeong
- Younger brother: Kim Su-hang (金壽恒), Chief State Councillor, Munkok
- Nephew: Kim Chang-jip (金昌集), Chief State Councillor, Mongwa
- Grand-nephew (heir): Kim Je-gyeom (金濟謙), Deputy Right Royal Secretary, posthumously Left Chanseong of the State Council
- Nephew: Kim Chang-hyeop (金昌協), Sungkyunkwan Daesaseong, Minister of Rites
- Grand-nephew (heir): Kim Sung-gyeom (金崇謙), posthumously Jeungsabusicheomjeong
- Grand-nephew (heir): Kim Yang-gyeom (金亮謙), posthumously Minister of Personnel
- Wife: daughter of Yun Hyeong-gak
- Eldest son: Kim Chang-yeol (金昌烈), died young
- Second son: Kim Chang-yeol (金昌說), magistrate
- Daughter-in-law: daughter of Oh Du-in
- Grandson: Kim Won-gyeom (金元謙)
- Grandson: Kim Hyeong-gyeom (金亨謙), died young
- Grandson: Kim Yi-gyeom (金利謙)
- Grandson: Kim Jeong-gyeom (金貞謙)
- Granddaughter: married Lee Mae-sin
- Granddaughter: married Kwon Won
- Granddaughter: married Shin Se-dong
- Eldest daughter: married Hong Taek-bo
- Grandson (through daughter): Hong Deuk-su
- Grandson (through daughter): Hong Deuk-bok
- Granddaughter (through daughter): married Jo Myeong-bin
- Granddaughter (through daughter): married Seo Myeong-ryun
Notes