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Hong Gyu (late Goryeo)

Hong Gyu (洪奎, 1242 – 23 June 1316) was a late Goryeo military official and gukgu (national uncle, the king's father-in-law). His birth name was Hong Munhye (洪文系), his courtesy name was Miru (彌樓), and his family seat was Namyang (南陽). He was the father of Lady Sunhwawon and Queen Dowager Myeongdeok.

Born 12420 views in 30 daysLast edited Oct 15, 2026, 2:51 PM

한국어 · 홍규 (고려 후기)

Details

Born: 1242
Birth name: Hong Munhye (洪文系)
Born: 1242
Gender: Male
Family seat: Namyang

Contents

1.Life
2.Family
3.Notes

Hong Gyu (洪奎, 1242 – 23 June 1316) was a military official of late Goryeo and a gukgu (national uncle). His birth name was Hong Munhye (洪文系), his courtesy name was Miru (彌樓),¹ and his family seat was Namyang (南陽). He was the father of Lady Sunhwawon (順和院妃) and Queen Dowager Myeongdeok (明德太后).

Life

He entered office through the hereditary privilege system (eumseo), and successively held the posts of Gwonmu (權務), Sanwon (散員), and Gyeonryong Haengsu (牽龍行首).¹ In the reign of King Wonjong (元宗), he became a general (將軍) and Vice Censor-in-Chief (御史中丞).

He became the son-in-law of Im Yeon (林衍). After Im Yeon's death, in May of 1270 (the 11th year of King Wonjong),² he received a secret royal order through Yi Bunseong (李汾成), and together with Song Songrye (宋松禮), a Jikmunha Seongsa (直門下省事), he killed Im Yu-mu (林惟茂), Im Yeon's son. With this, the era of the military regime came to an end.

In August, together with Won Bu (元傅), a Vice Commissioner of the Privy Council (樞密院副使), and Song Songrye, he accompanied the crown prince Wang Sim (王諶) to the Yuan and returned. In December, for this service, he was promoted to Right Vice Seungseon (右副承宣). However, in the following year he regarded serving in the court alongside flatterers as shameful and resigned.³

In February 1272 (the 13th year of King Wonjong), he was reinstated as Vice Commissioner of the Privy Council and joined the ranks of the chamber ministers (jaechu). In October, he resigned again.⁴⁵

Afterward, he lived for seventeen years on his estate without holding office.¹ In 1288 (the 14th year of King Chungnyeol), he was exiled to an island for the crime of having his eldest daughter made a Buddhist nun in order to evade the Yuan's levy of tribute women. His eldest daughter eventually became the wife of the Yuan envoy Aqutai (Aqutai).

However, he was recalled the following year. In 1291 (the 17th year of King Chungnyeol), he was appointed Chief Secretary of the Chamber of Deliberation (僉議侍郞贊成事) and Director of the Office of Judicial Affairs (判典理司事), and he retired once more.⁶ In September 1295 (the 21st year of King Chungnyeol), he retired again as Grand Chamberlain of the Chamber of Deliberation (都僉議中贊).⁴

In December, he went to the Yuan as Envoy for New Year's Congratulations (賀正使) together with Kim Gwangchwi (金光就), and returned. Around this time, he changed his name to Hong Gyu.⁷

In 1297 (the 23rd year of King Chungnyeol), he was appointed Commissioner of the Three Offices (判三司事). The following year, he additionally received the titles of Sasido (守司徒) and Yeonggyeongnyeong Gungsa (領景靈宮事). In 1308, when his son-in-law King Chungseon (忠宣王) ascended the throne (the accession year of King Chungseon), he was enfeoffed as Prince of Ikseong (益城君).⁴

In September 1310 (the 2nd year of King Chungseon), he received the additional titles of Suchameuijeongseung (守僉議政丞) and Sanghoguun (上護軍), and went out as Acting Magistrate of Hanyang (行漢陽府尹). In December,⁸ he was transferred to Magistrate of Ikseong County (知益城郡事).

In 1313 (the 1st year of King Chungsuk), he was re-enfeoffed as Prince-Consort of Namyang (南陽府院君), and received the title of Chuseong Jinryeok Anjeong Gongsin (推誠陳力安定功臣). He died in 1316 (the 3rd year of King Chungsuk) at the age of 75. His posthumous name was Gwangjeong (匡定).¹

Family

Great-grandfather - Hong Wonjung (洪源中):¹ Pangwan of the Seongbul Dogam (成佛都監判官)
- Grandfather - Hong Sayun (洪斯胤):¹ Samirwon Sa (樞密院使), Minister of Works (工部尙書)
  - Father - Hong Jin (洪縉, ? – 1266): Vice Commissioner of the Privy Council (同知樞密院事), Minister of Justice (刑部尙書), Chief Secretary of the Hallim Academy (翰林學士承旨)
  - Mother - daughter of Choe Hwang (崔貺, 1208 – 1229) of the Cheorwon Choe clan⁹
    - First wife - daughter of Im Yeon (林衍, ? – 1270), Commander-in-Chief (上將軍), of the Jinchun Im clan (鎭川林氏)
      - No children
    - Second wife - second daughter of Kim Ryeon (金鍊, ? – 1278), Deputy Prime Minister (參知政事), of the Gwangju Kim clan (廣州金氏)⁹
      - Eldest son - Hong Yung (洪戒): Commissioner of the Three Offices (三司使)
        
        Hong Eon-bak (洪彦博, 1309 – 1363)
      - Eldest daughter - first son-in-law Aqutai (Aqutai, ? – 1307): Left Chancellor (左丞相) of the Yuan; executed after losing the succession dispute following the death of Emperor Chengzong
        
        No children
      - Second daughter - second son-in-law Jeong Hae (鄭瑎, 1254 – 1305):⁹ Chief Secretary of the Chamber of Deliberation (都僉議贊成事), Lord Janggyeong (章敬公)
        
        Jeong Chaek (鄭責)
        
        Jeong I (鄭怡)
      - Third daughter - third son-in-law King Chungseon (忠宣王, 1275 – 1325)

Notes

『Epitaph of Hong Gyu』 (洪奎墓誌銘) ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵ ↩⁶
His own epitaph records this as occurring in March. ↩
At this time, Hong Ja-beon (洪子藩) became Right Vice Seungseon in his place. ↩
『Goryeosa』, "Biography of Hong Gyu" (「洪奎傳」) ↩ ↩² ↩³
At this time, Byeon Yun (邊胤) became Vice Commissioner of the Privy Council in his place. ↩
According to his own epitaph, at this time he also received the title of Chuchung Ansa Gongsin (推忠安社功臣). ↩
『Goryeosa』, "Hereditary House of King Chungnyeol" (「忠烈王世家」) ↩
The 『Goryeosa』, "Hereditary House of King Chungnyeol" (「忠烈王世家」), records this as occurring in March of 1312 (the 4th year of King Chungseon). ↩

Life

In February 1272 (the 13th year of King Wonjong), he was reinstated as Vice Commissioner of the Privy Council and joined the ranks of the chamber ministers (jaechu). In October, he resigned again.⁴

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Last edited Oct 15, 2026, 2:51 PM · r79223 · Text is available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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『Epitaph of Hong Gyu』 (洪奎墓誌銘) ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵ ↩⁶
His own epitaph records this as occurring in March. ↩
At this time, Hong Ja-beon (洪子藩) became Right Vice Seungseon in his place. ↩
『Goryeosa』, "Biography of Hong Gyu" (「洪奎傳」) ↩ ↩² ↩³
At this time, Byeon Yun (邊胤) became Vice Commissioner of the Privy Council in his place. ↩
According to his own epitaph, at this time he also received the title of Chuchung Ansa Gongsin (推忠安社功臣). ↩
『Goryeosa』, "Hereditary House of King Chungnyeol" (「忠烈王世家」) ↩
The 『Goryeosa』, "Hereditary House of King Chungnyeol" (「忠烈王世家」), records this as occurring in March of 1312 (the 4th year of King Chungseon). ↩
『Ssijok Wonryu』 (氏族源流) ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴

『Epitaph of Hong Gyu』 (洪奎墓誌銘) ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵ ↩⁶
His own epitaph records this as occurring in March. ↩
At this time, Hong Ja-beon (洪子藩) became Right Vice Seungseon in his place. ↩
『Goryeosa』, "Biography of Hong Gyu" (「洪奎傳」) ↩ ↩² ↩³
At this time, Byeon Yun (邊胤) became Vice Commissioner of the Privy Council in his place. ↩
According to his own epitaph, at this time he also received the title of Chuchung Ansa Gongsin (推忠安社功臣). ↩
『Goryeosa』, "Hereditary House of King Chungnyeol" (「忠烈王世家」) ↩
The 『Goryeosa』, "Hereditary House of King Chungnyeol" (「忠烈王世家」), records this as occurring in March of 1312 (the 4th year of King Chungseon). ↩

Hong Gyu (late Goryeo)

Life

Family

Notes

Life

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Family

Notes

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Life

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Notes

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Hong Gyu (late Goryeo)

Life

Family

Notes

Footnotes

Life

Opinions 0

Family

Notes

Footnotes

Other languages

Sub-pages

Life

Family

Notes

Footnotes

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