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Al-Dhahabi

Shams al-Dīn al-Dhahabī (5 October 1274 – 3 February 1348) was a Syrian Sunni Muslim historian, biographer, and hadith scholar. He authored major biographical and historical works including Siyar A'lam al-Nubala, Tadhkirat al-Huffaz, and Tarikh al-Islam.

Born~Died Oct 5, 1274 ~ Feb 4, 13480 views in 30 daysLast edited Oct 15, 2026, 2:51 PM

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Born ~ Died: Oct 5, 1274 ~ Feb 4, 1348
Title: Imam
Born: 5 October 1274 (672 AH), Damascus, Mamluk Sultanate
Died: 3 February 1348 (748 AH) (aged 73), Damascus, Mamluk Sultanate (now Syria)
Era: Medieval Era (Middle Ages)
Region: Sham
Main interest(s): History, Fiqh, Hadith, Aqidah
Notable work(s): Siyar A'lam al-Nubala', Mizan al-Itidal
Occupation: Historian, Scholar, Jurist, Muhaddith
Religion: Islam
Denomination: Sunni
Jurisprudence: Shafi'i
Creed: Athari
Location: 33.5000, 36.3667

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Contents

1.Life
2.Teachers
3.Notable students
4.Works
5.Notes

Shams al-Dīn al-Dhahabī¹² (5 October 1274 – 3 February 1348)³ was a Syrian Sunni Muslim historian, biographer, and hadith scholar.⁴⁵ He authored major biographical and historical works including Siyar A'lam al-Nubala, Tadhkirat al-Huffaz, and Tarikh al-Islam.⁶⁷

Among his best-known teachers and scholarly associates were al-Mizzi, al-Birzali, and Ibn Taymiyya.⁸

Life

Of Turkmen⁹ descent, al-Dhahabi was born in Damascus. His name, Ibn al-Dhahabi (son of the goldsmith), reveals his father's profession. He began his study of hadith at age eighteen, travelling from Damascus to Baalbek, Homs, Hama, Aleppo, , , , , , and elsewhere, before returning to Damascus to teach and write. He authored many works and was widely renowned as a perspicuous critic and expert examiner of the hadith. He wrote an encyclopaedic biographical history and was the foremost authority on the canonical readings of the . Some of his teachers were women. At Baalbek, was among his most influential teachers.

Among his best-known teachers and scholarly associates were al-Mizzi, al-Birzali, and Ibn Taymiyya.⁸

Life

Of Turkmen⁹ descent, al-Dhahabi was born in Damascus. His name, Ibn al-Dhahabi (son of the goldsmith), reveals his father's profession. He began his study of hadith at age eighteen, travelling from Damascus to Baalbek, Homs, Hama, Aleppo, Nabulus, Cairo, Alexandria, Jerusalem, , and elsewhere, before returning to Damascus to teach and write. He authored many works and was widely renowned as a perspicuous critic and expert examiner of the hadith. He wrote an encyclopaedic biographical history and was the foremost authority on the canonical readings of the . Some of his teachers were women. At Baalbek, was among his most influential teachers.

This page is based on “Al-Dhahabi” from English Wikipedia, (r1359218096) CC BY-SA 4.0 used under the license. The original authors are listed in its page history.

Last edited Oct 15, 2026, 2:51 PM · r85753 · Text is available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Arabic: (شمس الدين الذهبي) ↩
Full name: Shams ad-Dīn Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān ibn Qāymāẓ ibn ʿAbdillāh at-Turkumānī al-Fāriqī ad-Dimashqī ↩
Hoberman, Barry (September–October 1982). "The Battle of Talas", Saudi Aramco World, p. 26-31. Indiana University. ↩
Sources: - Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010). "2: The Demise of 'Ilm al-Kalam". Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam. 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010: Pelgrave Macmillan. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-230-10279-8. - B. Hallaq, Wael (2016). "5: Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed?". Law and Legal Theory in Classical and Medieval Islam. 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA: Routledge. p. 16. ISBN 9780860784562. - Spevack, Aaron (2014). The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of Al-Bajuri. State University of New York Press. pp. 45, 169. ISBN 978-1-4384-5371-2. ↩
"al-Dhahabī". Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill Publishers. "Al-Dhahabī… the Syrian historian and traditionist of the Mamluk period." ↩
Brown, Jonathan A. C. (2009). Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World. Oneworld Publications. p. 84. "The Damascene historian and hadith scholar al-Dhahabi (d. 1348) compiled extensive biographical works on earlier Muslim scholars." ↩
Bori, Caterina (2016). "al-Dhahabī". Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill. pp. 73–80. "al-Dhahabī ... was a widely respected historian, ḥadīth expert, and biographer who lived in Damascus in the early Mamlūk period." ↩
Bori, Caterina (2016). "al-Dhahabī". Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill. pp. 73–80. "In Damascus, al-Dhahabī's most renowned teachers, fellows, and colleagues were the famous Shāfiʿī ḥadīth specialist al-Mizzī, the Shāfiʿī historian and traditionist al-Birzālī, and the controversial Ḥanbalī jurist and theologian Ibn Taymiyya." ↩
"Al-Ḏh̲ahabī". 24 April 2012. ↩
The Female Teachers of the Historian of Islam: al-Ḏh̲ahabī (PDF) ↩
" al-Ḏh̲ahabī." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online, 2012. Reference. Princeton University Library. 09 June 2012, 24 April 2012 ↩
al-Sakhawi, al-Daw' al-Lami` (8:103). ↩
Al-Dimyati (2016). THE REWARDS FOR GOOD DEEDS المتجر الرابح [انكليزي]. Dar al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya. p. 15. ISBN 9782745176554. ↩
Cf. al-'Uluw (Abu al-Fath) and al-Muqiza (Ibn Wahb). ↩
Siyar A`lam al-Nubala [SAN] (17:118–119 #6084, 16:300–302 #5655). ↩
Fozia Bora, Writing History in the Medieval Islamic World: The Value of Chronicles as Archives, The Early and Medieval Islamic World (London: I. B. Tauris, 2019), p. 38; ISBN 978-1-7845-3730-2. ↩
waq48696 (in Arabic). ↩
Emilie Savage-Smith, "Medicine." Taken from Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Volume 3: Technology, Alchemy and Life Sciences, pg. 928. Ed. Roshdi Rashed. London: Routledge, 1996. ISBN 0415124123 ↩
Ibn Hajar, al-Mu`jam (p.400 #1773) ↩
Maxim Romanov, "Observations of a Medieval Quantitative Historian?" in Der Islam, Volume 94, Issue 2, Page 464 ↩
Dhahabī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (2003). Tārīkh al-Islām (in Arabic). Vol. 17. Beirut: Dar al-Garb al-Islami. ↩
Dhahabī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (1984). Sīr al-a'lām al-nublā' (in Arabic). Vol. 25. Beirut. ↩
Dhahabī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (1985). Al-'Ibar (in Arabic). Vol. 5. ↩
Ibn Hajar, al-Mu`jam (p. 400 #1774). ↩
al-Dhahabi, Siyar A`lam al-Nubala' (16:154) ↩

Arabic: (شمس الدين الذهبي) ↩
Full name: Shams ad-Dīn Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān ibn Qāymāẓ ibn ʿAbdillāh at-Turkumānī al-Fāriqī ad-Dimashqī ↩
Hoberman, Barry (September–October 1982). "The Battle of Talas", Saudi Aramco World, p. 26-31. Indiana University. ↩
Sources: - Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010). "2: The Demise of 'Ilm al-Kalam". Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam. 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010: Pelgrave Macmillan. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-230-10279-8. - B. Hallaq, Wael (2016). "5: Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed?". Law and Legal Theory in Classical and Medieval Islam. 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA: Routledge. p. 16. ISBN 9780860784562. - Spevack, Aaron (2014). The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of Al-Bajuri. State University of New York Press. pp. 45, 169. ISBN 978-1-4384-5371-2. ↩
"al-Dhahabī". Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill Publishers. "Al-Dhahabī… the Syrian historian and traditionist of the Mamluk period." ↩
Brown, Jonathan A. C. (2009). Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World. Oneworld Publications. p. 84. "The Damascene historian and hadith scholar al-Dhahabi (d. 1348) compiled extensive biographical works on earlier Muslim scholars." ↩
Bori, Caterina (2016). "al-Dhahabī". Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill. pp. 73–80. "al-Dhahabī ... was a widely respected historian, ḥadīth expert, and biographer who lived in Damascus in the early Mamlūk period." ↩
Bori, Caterina (2016). "al-Dhahabī". Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill. pp. 73–80. "In Damascus, al-Dhahabī's most renowned teachers, fellows, and colleagues were the famous Shāfiʿī ḥadīth specialist al-Mizzī, the Shāfiʿī historian and traditionist al-Birzālī, and the controversial Ḥanbalī jurist and theologian Ibn Taymiyya." ↩
"Al-Ḏh̲ahabī". 24 April 2012. ↩
The Female Teachers of the Historian of Islam: al-Ḏh̲ahabī (PDF) ↩
" al-Ḏh̲ahabī." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online, 2012. Reference. Princeton University Library. 09 June 2012, 24 April 2012 ↩
al-Sakhawi, al-Daw' al-Lami` (8:103). ↩
Al-Dimyati (2016). THE REWARDS FOR GOOD DEEDS المتجر الرابح [انكليزي]. Dar al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya. p. 15. ISBN 9782745176554. ↩
Cf. al-'Uluw (Abu al-Fath) and al-Muqiza (Ibn Wahb). ↩
Siyar A`lam al-Nubala [SAN] (17:118–119 #6084, 16:300–302 #5655). ↩
Fozia Bora, Writing History in the Medieval Islamic World: The Value of Chronicles as Archives, The Early and Medieval Islamic World (London: I. B. Tauris, 2019), p. 38; ISBN 978-1-7845-3730-2. ↩
waq48696 (in Arabic). ↩
Emilie Savage-Smith, "Medicine." Taken from Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Volume 3: Technology, Alchemy and Life Sciences, pg. 928. Ed. Roshdi Rashed. London: Routledge, 1996. ISBN 0415124123 ↩
Ibn Hajar, al-Mu`jam (p.400 #1773) ↩
Maxim Romanov, "Observations of a Medieval Quantitative Historian?" in Der Islam, Volume 94, Issue 2, Page 464 ↩
Dhahabī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (2003). Tārīkh al-Islām (in Arabic). Vol. 17. Beirut: Dar al-Garb al-Islami. ↩
Dhahabī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (1984). Sīr al-a'lām al-nublā' (in Arabic). Vol. 25. Beirut. ↩
Dhahabī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (1985). Al-'Ibar (in Arabic). Vol. 5. ↩
Ibn Hajar, al-Mu`jam (p. 400 #1774). ↩
al-Dhahabi, Siyar A`lam al-Nubala' (16:154) ↩

Al-Dhahabi

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Al-Dhahabi

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Notable students

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Notes

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Nearby events

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