**Jang Geuk** (**張勀**, [[Childhood name|childhood name (初名)]] **張剋**, [[English language|English]] name **Paul Chang**, 8 April 1913 – 29 February 2008) was a [[South Korea|South Korean]] [[Aeronautical engineering|aeronautical engineer]], [[University professor]], and [[Writer]], and a retired major in the Republic of Korea Air Force.

## Biography

### Life

His [[Bon-gwan]] was [[Inbong Jang clan|Inbong]] (仁同), and his [[Art name|art names]] were Hasuk (霞石) and Balro (發露). He was born in Incheon Prefecture, Gyeonggi Province, during the [[Japanese occupation of Korea]] (present-day [[Incheon]], South Korea), and spent a brief period of infancy in Junghwa County, South Pyongan Province, during the Japanese occupation, and a brief period of childhood in Gyeongseong during the Japanese occupation. He was the youngest son of [[Jang Gi-bin|Tae-am Jang Gi-bin]] (太巖 張箕彬), former director of the Busan Customs House of South Gyeongsang Province, and the full younger brother of [[Chang Myon|Un-seok Chang Myon]] (雲石 張勉, John Myeon Jang, baptismal name "John"), former [[Prime Minister of South Korea]], and [[Chang Bal (painter)|U-seok Chang Bal]] (雨石 張勃, Thomas Chang, baptismal name "Luke"), former [[South Korean ambassador]] to [[Italy]].

In March 1948, he obtained [[Permanent residency|permanent residency]] in the [[United States]], but in January 1949 he gave up his United States permanent residency. One year later, in 1950, the [[Korean War]] broke out, and on 10 October 1950 he was commissioned as a [[Captain]] in the [[Republic of Korea Air Force|Air Force]] and served as a political warfare officer in the [[Republic of Korea Air Force Headquarters|Air Force Headquarters Aviation Unit]]. On 20 November 1952 he was promoted to [[Major]] in the Air Force, and on 3 December 1953, the year the war ended, he was discharged as a major.

Around 1960, when President [[Yun Bo-seon]] was in office and his eldest brother [[Chang Myon]] held [[Power (social and political)|de facto power]] as Prime Minister, and around 1961, when [[Park Chung-hee]] held [[Power (social and political)|de facto power]] as head of the cabinet, he served as a professor at the [[Seoul National University]] College of Engineering. Around 1980, when [[Choi Kyu-hah]] was President and [[Park Choong-hoon]] was acting Prime Minister, and [[Chun Doo-hwan]] held [[Power (social and political)|de facto power]] as chairman of the [[National Committee for Security Emergency Measures]], he was appointed endowed chair professor at the [[University of Incheon]].

### Education

-   1926: Graduated from [[Incheon Bakmun Elementary School|Gyeonggi Incheon Elementary School]]
-   1929: Completed the course at [[Hwimoon High School|Gyeongseong Hwimoon Higher Common School]]
-   1932: [[Graduation|Graduated]] from [[Gyeonggi High School|Gyeongseong First Higher Common School]]
-   1933: Withdrew from the College of Medicine at [[Keijo Imperial University]]
-   1938: [[Bachelor's degree|Bachelor]] of aeronautical engineering from the [[Technical University of Berlin]], [[Germany]]
-   1940: Master of [[Engineering]] in industrial management from the Graduate School of Engineering at [[ETH Zurich]], [[Switzerland]]
-   1942: Master of Engineering in industrial engineering from the graduate school of [[New York University]], [[United States]]
-   1944: Master of Engineering in aeronautical engineering from the graduate school of [[Harvard University]], United States
-   1948: [[Doctorate]] in engineering in aeronautical engineering from the graduate school of the [[University of Notre Dame]], United States

#### Honorary doctorate

-   1963: Honorary doctorate in engineering from the [[Technical University of Berlin]], [[West Germany]]